However popular, the heroic-journalist myth is a vast exaggeration of the effect of their work. Carl was the big thinker, and Woodward was the one that make sure it got done" (via CBS News). What is this secret government we have? A man named Mark Molsey on the last book and the next book; Ive done 11 books. He wanted to film it from 3:00 in the morning until 8:00 in the morning, and we just told him it was not possible. One doesnt think of humility as a common quality of journalists for some reason. [30], They were also different in work styles. Give him a story, any story, and he runs with it. In her interview with Pakula, Ephron tried to rehabilitate her boyfriends reputation. Ben Bradlee: From Daniel Ellsberg. [27] Ephron was inspired by the events to write the 1983 novel Heartburn,[26] which was made into a 1986 film starring Jack Nicholson and Meryl Streep. The idealized journalist of the Watergate era and beyond was wedded to the highest ethical standards and driven only by truth, not by ideology. Mr. Bradlee, its important to remember that Nixon was re-elected during this period. Where do you work? Woodward cautiously would have to go from one step literally to another. Ben Bradlee: I was at The Washington Post, and I couldnt believe it. Despite their stark differences, they needed each another. Bob Woodward: We had done some of the early stories, that it led to the Senate Watergate Committee, led to the House Judiciary Committee and impeachment investigation. And of course, Muskie was going to be the strong candidate against Nixon. Woodward stayed at The Washington Post. Ben Bradlee: How about the Boston Globe and the Catholic Church? It was a takedown that transcended politics, transcended ideology. Nonetheless, the heroic-journalist myth became so entrenched that it could withstand disclaimers by Watergate-era principals at the Post such as Graham. You are trying to get it right and you never do, and that there must be a sense whenever you get to something and then realize two weeks earlier, two days or two minutes earlier, you didnt know that, and its critical that no matter what you do, you are never going to have the full story. It was very complicated, then and now. So its not inevitable that the system works. The Twitter-sized version is the president had a goon squad that did all kinds of buggings and break-ins and political dirty tricks, and when those burglars with ties to the White House were busted 40 years ago, Nixon and his top aides broke the law to cover it all up. Then and certainly today, there is still much debate about whether confidential informants are ethically viable due to their hidden identities. Sometimes I was thought to be the more cautious one, but Carl (Bernstein) could be cautious, and I could be aggressive or overly aggressive. I think they were really out to get to the bottom of the story. And he would be going over to the White House to give Nixon the news that he didnt have any his support in the Senate was eroding. You mentioned that you had been at the Post for nine months. It also made Woodward and Bernstein the most famous journalists of all time. Mr. Woodward, once you heard one of the burglars say he worked for the CIA, where did you take it from there? Felt brazenly denied having been Woodwards source. That, at least, was the interpretation of the late Stanley Kutler, one of Watergates leading historians, who noted: You had to have that kind of corroborative evidence to nail the president of the United States.. But the real input comes from people who believe in a free press, believe in the First Amendment, believe in open discourse as much as possible, hate secrets, hate secret government, hate secret concentrations of power. How old were you at the time of that break-in? First, the spokesmen at the White House, Ziegler and some of those guys, and next the Attorney General, and Chuck Colson, all of those people, the White House aides, were lying. Yes. The tapes incontrovertibly showed that he had participated in an attempt to obstruct justice from as early as six days after the Watergate burglary. Mr. Bradlee, do you think there could be another Watergate today? Trending News Shepard noted that their relationship has had peaks and valleys, saying, "I think they grew to respect one another. Woodward and Bernstein never disclosed any information or provided hints about Deep Throat and spoke about him in vague terms in their book, "All the President's Men.". [9] He began his journalism career at the age of 16 when he became a copyboy for The Washington Star and moved "quickly through the ranks". [31] Due to their different styles, other journalists described them as a perfect team. Carl is Jewish, grew up in the Washington, D.C. area. You had a lot of Cuban or Spanish-speaking guys in masks and rubber gloves, with walkie-talkies, arrested in the Democratic National Committee Headquarters at 2:00 in the morning. Mr. Bradlee, what were your emotions when Nixon resigned? Lewis was with the Post from 1935 until his retirement in 1985. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. We actually published three papers with it before they stopped us, and then we were in the courts for 12 days. Why did this happen? After graduating from Yale University, he joined The Washington Post; nine months later, he was assigned the Watergate break-in story. Was he the more experienced journalist at the time? "[32], Differences between Bernstein and Woodward, A Woman in Charge: The Life of Hillary Rodham Clinton, A Woman In Charge: The Life of Hillary Rodham Clinton, "Carl Bernstein on Trump and the Current State of Journalism", "Yes, kids, there is life after high school", "He Went From Watergate to 'Heartbun,' From Investigative Superstar to Celebrity Dinner Guest. It looked like I was going to become a lawyer, and my father to a certain extent was my model. Finally, the night before we published came the critical moment, and we were in my house. Soon other newspapers began to investigate the Watergate story more energetically, and legislative and judicial agencies began to uncover a larger and larger pattern of lawbreaking. The reporters were all there, and the editors were there, working on the copy, and there was some guy writing for the next morning. It was to see if they could find the origins of our involvement in Vietnam, and what went wrong. They were after us and The New York Times. While Bernstein was surprised by how mythical Deep Throat became in American pop culture, he remains as much of a part of the Watergate story as Woodward and Bernstein. Robert H. Ferrell Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. That we had done stories, but it is a process of the judiciary, the Congress, the Supreme Court, that led to Nixons demise. Bernstein and Woodward's All the President's Men (1974) and The Final Days (1976) capture the excitement of the chase, the enormity of the constitutional crisis, and the agony of the downfall. What made you decide that this had to be done? Margaret later became a government minister in her own right. This was the lesson of Watergate: Nixon Exceptionalism, that the 37th president was so "uniquely and pervasively" corrupt that the fair and decent American "system worked" and removed him on the basis of the objective, indisputable fact of his evil. You could feel that they took not an adversarial position toward government, but a position of skepticism, a position of there is accountability reporting. The assertion shocked some because even J. Edgar Hoover had tried and been unable to prove that Bernstein's parents had been party members. [12][13], In 1965, Bernstein left the Star to become a full-time reporter for the Elizabeth Daily Journal in New Jersey. During his marriage to Ephron, Bernstein met Margaret Jay, daughter of British Prime Minister James Callaghan and wife of Peter Jay, then UK ambassador to the United States. I really we knew it, we knew it, we knew it, but we couldnt we were being told by the people who were telling us that if we publish it, hell change his mind and wont resign! Encyclopedia of World Biography. STARR, KENNETH WINSTON I recall in that incident, I did one, he did one, and I looked at his, and I realized his was better, as was almost always the case. Bob Woodward: And problems. [26] Bernstein and second wife Ephron already had an infant son, Jacob, and she was pregnant with their second son, Max, in 1979 when she learned of her husband's affair with Jay. I called my father and said Im not going to law school, but have this job at a newspaper he had never heard of. "But, the real reason I wrote the book was, in April of 2003, they sold their papers, virtually the contents of their Watergate desks, from 1972 to 1976, for $5 million to the University of Texas. Probably one of my favorite books is All the Kings Men, Robert Penn Warrens book about political corruption in Louisiana and about a reporter who watches this and gets to participate and see, but doesnt have all of the full consequences of the action fall on him. Find the perfect classics house stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. He yelled, Stop! You are trying to find out what really happened. Nora Ephron's novel Heartburn (1983) caused a minor journalistic sensation with its fictionalized description of her divorce from Bernstein. To a certain extent, I was able to go my own way. With astonishing regularity, Woodward has continued to produce bestselling books on previously hidden aspects of American life. And when, the next day, Woodward this is probably Sunday or maybe Monday, because the burglary was Saturday morning early called the number and asked to speak to Mr. Hunt, and the operator said, Well, hes not here now; hes over at such-and-such a place, gave him another number, and Woodward called him up, and Hunt answered the phone, and Woodward said, We want to know why your name was in the address book of the Watergate burglars. And there is this long, deathly hush, and Hunt said, Oh, my God! and hung up. White bread. Woodward! He attended Yale University on a Naval ROTC scholarship, and majored in history and English literature. Five long years of unruly marches and campus takeovers hadn't toppled the Establishment. Were there siblings? (Spiro Agnew, who had been elected as Nixon's vice president in 1968 and 1972, had resigned in October 1973 after pleading no contest to a charge of tax evasion.). During Watergate, no matter how well Bernstein reported the story, he was pegged by Post editors as the bad boy of the duo -- always late, unreliable and quick to hype his leads. Bob Woodward: No. When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. Between 1980 and 1984, Bernstein was the network's Washington Bureau Chief and then a senior correspondent. But they grew to like one another" and are very good friends now. I mean, I shudder to think the way we put it. And we were so scared that we were going to by this time, we knew that the front page was going to be a historical document. Carl tried his hand in television, at ABC News (and was a consultant at CBS News for awhile). He always saw me as a lawyer. He joined broadcast news in a high growth period. What books impressed you as a kid? Much to his chagrin. On stage, Dean Martin was the suave crooner while Jerry Lewis was the lovable buffoon. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Bob Woodward: I was not married at the time and loved being free to do something. I can't tell you how many times back then that Americans -- looking for a silver lining in the cloud of Watergate -- uttered this phrase: "The system worked." So all the while that this was coming out, you were being very careful that there was enough confirmation of these things? Yes. Leon Jaworski, like richard m. nixon, came from a poor, deeply religious background. These scandals led to numerous government investigations and the eventual resignation of President Richard Nixon. They were the first to reveal the tapes, and they were always ahead of the curve, but there was a lot of great reporting done by other people, Sy Hersh, the Los Angeles Times, they all did really good work. We've received your submission. 39 or 40 people in this White House staff went to jail. The dichotomy intrigued Pakula. Sometimes, people accuse us of bringing down a president, which of course we didnt do, and shouldnt have done,Graham said. Nixon resigned from the presidency on August 9, 1974, after tape recordings that he had ordered made, and then tried to conceal from and deny to investigators, were made public. It was the first film I ever made like this, Hoffman told me. You mentioned Faulkner. Hes finally embarrassed, said Woodward with a smile. Encyclopedia of World Biography. So you had the White House. He has also done reporting for television and opinion commentary. Perfect. "You could just tell," Shepard continued, "by how different they were that they wouldn't be friends and they wouldn't be working together. Hed started at age two, I think. What other American journalist could do that? Maybe it was appropriate that most of America slept through the occasion. This post was published on the now-closed HuffPost Contributor platform. There were spies in all the Democratic candidates campaigns that had been planted and paid by the Nixon campaign. Early one Saturday morning, June 17, 1972, the Posts city editor called Woodward to tell him that five men with cameras and electronic surveillance equipment had been arrested breaking into the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee at the Watergate office complex. But in the end, its only a glancing blow. They wanted to have a whole presidency where they could do what they wanted and no one would examine them or scrutinize them, and they got in trouble, a lot of them, because of this. Bernstein was among three CNN reporters who last . Kind of parse it out. But she wasnt the editor. Soon after the Nixon resignation, Bernstein and Woodward began work with a team of researchers on The Final Days, an account of the last months of Nixon's presidency, based on interviews with 394 people. Were there particular teachers or relatives? His detailed notes, first made public in December 2005, were donated by his wife to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences after his death in 1998 in an automobile accident. Woodward and Bernstein were successful at concealing the identity of their informant until 2005 when he outed himself due to the public. But we were the backwash of the Baby Boom. The New York Times played the lead role but we played a role too. What an incredible jump in your fortunes as a journalist, from one year on a little suburban paper to The Washington Post. Hes a good lawyer, a fair man.. But as Pakula began to understand Woodward, he wondered if the charming, handsome Redford, then 39, could play someone so different from himself. Mr. Bradlee, at what point did you get the inkling that the Oval Office was involved? It appeared on The New York Times Best Seller list for three weeks. [14] While there, he won first prize in New Jersey's press association for investigative reporting, feature writing, and news on a deadline. He wanted to understand Woodward and Bernstein deeply so he could capture their true characters and motivations for the movie. Available for both RF and RM licensing. While Woodward has written books leveling criticisms against both Nixon and Trump, his critiques have not been limited to Republican presidents, and his praise is not limited to Democratic ones. Like most media myths, the heroic-journalist interpretation of Watergate rests on a foundation of simplicity. Woodward's strength was in investigation, so he focused on investigating the Watergate scandal. But their crimes unraveled in slow motion over those two years -- aided by one tough judge, a feistier Congress than we could comprehend today, and some skillful journalists, of whom Woodward and Bernstein became the most famous and best remembered. WASHINGTON Watching Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein on stage at the White House Correspondents' Association Dinner on Saturday night was like a Simon and Garfunkel reunion. Of course, after the fame of "All the President's Men." I had worked for the Post for nine months. He dropped out of the University of Maryland and became a reporter in New Jersey where his investigative reporting caught the eye of the Washington Post, which hired him in 1966 (via Huffington Post). Mr. Woodward, at what point did you realize that President Nixon was implicated in this? Bob Woodward is an associate editor of The Washington Post, where he has worked since 1971. Most of us had quite fancy security clearances in that capacity. You get to have access to people you wouldnt normally have access to. So you would not go from the CIA to the White House instantly, but within several days, through the work of another reporter, we learned there was this cryptic entry in the address books of two of the five burglars that very simply said H. The first report featuring the now legendary journalists came on June 19, 1972, two days after the break-ins and arrest of the conspirators (via Constitution Center ). Light in August; Absalom, Absalom; The Bear, that little novella. So you had a certain amount of independence? Woodward and Bernstein Carl Bernstein (born 1944) and Robert Woodward (born 1943), investigative reporters for the Washington Post, wrote a series of articles about the Watergate scandals that led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon. In their dogged reporting of the Watergate scandal, Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein uncovered the crimes that forced Richard Nixon to resign the presidency in August 1974. Woodward noted how Bernstein had taught him about the importance of being very aggressive, and recalled how Bernstein had clambered aboard a full cab with the Watergate burglars lawyers to get information and borrowed $20 from Woodward, which he did not return. Ephron delivered Max prematurely after finding out. The real crimes of the last 40 years -- the political power of an American kleptocracy that has crushed the nation's middle class, the state of permanent wars abroad and the loss of the public square to a militarized police force at home -- didn't fit into the box that Woodward and Bernstein and the Watergate scandal helped to create. Are there particular books that you remember? Woodward and Bernstein did disclose financial links between Nixons reelection campaign and the burglars arrested June 17, 1972, at headquarters of the Democratic National Committee, in what was the signal crime of Watergate. Few in the room could recall a joint public appearance by the famous Washington Post reporters who uncovered the Watergate scandal that brought down a president. So I went to work with about seven or eight other people, including Carl (Bernstein), and I went to the arraignment of the five burglars, and the judge wanted to know where one of them worked, and he was mumbling. I would have been more effective.. So much has happened since then. Editors looked around and thought, Who could we call in? And he was the one who said that. Where were you in the pecking order of siblings? And that this wasnt just a cover-up of a burglary. . This was our time, our story. A few weeks after receiving his bachelors degree in 1965, he entered the United States Navy for a four-year tour of duty. Bob Woodward: Is the CIA connected to this? Woodward was soon joined on the story by Bernstein, and together the two young reporters undertook a series of investigative reports that gradually revealed the connections between the burglary and a converging pattern of crimes that finally implicated President Richard M. Nixon himself, forcing his resignation in the face of otherwise certain impeachment. I covered the night police beat. He said, Youre crazy. So he didnt think it was a good idea.. More so than the book, the cinematic adaptation of All the Presidents Men placed Woodward and Bernstein at the decisive center of Watergates unraveling. Events are filtered through minds and memories and prejudices, and you feel intimate with his characters. Mr. Bradlee, when did it become clear to you that the Watergate break-in was something more than a simple burglary? It was only later, when Dean testified, and the tapes came out, that it was quite clear that not only was Nixon involved, he was in charge of the cover-up. Although Woodward was reluctant to talk about himself as a reporter, he was determined to expose other peoples secrets. This practice was usually followed scrupulously, but broke down when Bernstein and Woodward wrongly claimed that Hugh Sloan, a CRP official, had implicated H. R. "Bob" Haldeman, Nixon's chief of staff, in testimony before a grand jury. The five Watergate burglars and several other Nixon subordinates, including former U.S. Attorney General Mitchell, were sentenced to prison terms. 25 Feb/23. These actions would lead to his resignation in August 1974. We didnt allow any television people in. Woodward and Bernsteins account of the investigation, All The Presidents Men, became a national bestseller and was made into a popular motion picture. It has been said that as dark a chapter as Watergate was in the American presidency, in a sense, it showed the branches of government working. So I dont make those kinds of assessments. While a young reporter for The Washington Post in 1972, Bernstein was teamed up with Bob Woodward, and the two did much of the original news reporting on the Watergate scandal. The distinct memories I have of books are from college. Underneath all the arguments and fights -- way down, they hated each other, Pakula wrote. What does it mean? Did you? and he said, No. And the whole town shook, as far as Im concerned, because that was the first time we had been accused of getting anything wrong. Thats a quote from the movie and the book. Some people haven't seen it yet. Sometimes, Felt would speak on the phone, but on other occasions, he would meet Woodward in a parking garage in Virginia. Alicia Shepard said, "Carl was the big thinker, and Woodward was the one that [made] sure it got done [T]hey knew that each of them had strengths that the other didn't, and they relied on one another. You dont think of them as real authorities in the question of what is classified and what isnt, and what is a threat to the United States and what isnt. Bob Woodward's political affiliation hasn't kept him from criticizing people on both sides of the aisle. J. Anthony Lukas, Nightmare: The Underside of the Nixon Years (1976) is an exciting narrative and analysis by a New York Times reporter that puts Watergate into the context of what the author refers to as "Richard Nixon's abuse of his presidential powers." Neither of those marriages could withstand all that pressure and that fame and money. " Bobs sucking up to people. But in his interview with Woodward, Pakula discovered that the reporter could surprise: Other peoples secrets fascinated and obsessed him. Had he been Deep Throat, he once told a Connecticut newspaper, I would have done better. So he didnt think it was a good idea. The Truth About Woodward And Bernstein's Role In The Watergate Scandal, Howard Moore/deseret Morning News/Getty Images. More than 40 years after they became the world's most famous journalism duo, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein are still making news.Bernstein was among three CNN reporters who last week broke the story of former Donald Trump lawyer Michael Cohen's allegation that Trump knew in advance of the June 2016 meeting between representatives of his But of course, that all became academic when the tapes came out. He joined the Washington Post's metropolitan staff in 1971. Youre not used to seeing your actions. Mr. Woodward, there were mistakes made during Watergate, you have said in the book. And in that same space of time, Woodward's written five books. They were 30 and 31.". Later Career. [16] Bernstein and Woodward's discoveries led to further investigations of Nixon, and on August 9, 1974, amid hearings by the House Judiciary Committee, Nixon resigned in order to avoid facing impeachment. He resigned. For the team that took down President Nixon, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein followed this format to a tee. Woodward was able to soldier on and write 14 books. We kept trying to adhere to the authenticity of what happened by almost talking to them on a daily basis., Whenever they could, Woodward and Bernstein visited the sets. Did they support you, or did they think it was a little strange? I think pride is hubris. Muskie, in the emotion of the campaign, was trying to explain what had gone on. People who went to Wheaton College had to sign a pledge: no drinking, smoking, dancing, movies, playing of cards. 2023 BuzzFeed, Inc. All rights reserved. Carl Milton Bernstein (/ b r n s t i n / BURN-steen; born February 14, 1944) is an American investigative journalist and author.While a young reporter for The Washington Post in 1972, Bernstein was teamed up with Bob Woodward, and the two did much of the original news reporting on the Watergate scandal.These scandals led to numerous government investigations and the eventual . display: block; He has shared in two Pulitzer Prizes, first for the coverage of the Watergate scandal with Carl Bernstein, and second as the lead reporter for coverage of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Ukraine's neighbor Moldova, host to thousands of Ukrainian refugees, is monitoring the conflict closely while . He spent a year in his research, which was published as a 25,000-word article in Rolling Stone magazine. They wrote the best-selling All the President's Men and became millionaires. In 1974, two years after the Watergate burglary and two months before Nixon resigned, Bernstein and Woodward released the book All the President's Men. Every time the White House denied something, the evidence became clear that it was the White House that was lying. They publicly tied prominent Washington figures, such as Nixons former attorney general, John Mitchell, to the scandal. Robert Redford and Dustin Hoffman portrayed them in the 1976 movie. We talk all the time. In 1976, All the President's Men was made into a smash Hollywood movie, starring Robert Redford as Woodward and Dustin Hoffman as Bernstein, that won four Academy Awards. The role of Congress and the courts -- where even Republicans refused to turn a blind eye to a Republican president's wrongdoing -- was critical to this belief, but it was the journalist at the very top of this moral pyramid. So I did not have two years experience. It was, after all, the courts unanimous ruling in July 1974, ordering Nixon to surrender tapes subpoenaed by the Watergate special prosecutor, that sealed the presidents fate. Bob Woodward: We read pretty much the range of classics, and nothing really jumped out or are books that I had distinct memories of. Tell us a little bit about what actually happened. Woodwards critics insisted that this informant was a fabrication, or at best, a composite based on a number of sources. What about you? So in an odd way, those in my business have a million allies out there. Bob Woodward: Yes. So we tried to just keep people out of the building. Together, they became Hollywood icons. There was even a movie made about the scandal and their role in it, "All The President's Men.". [18], Bernstein left the Post in 1977 and expanded into other areas due to his reputation from the Watergate reporting. They show how Pakula came to view his protagonists. That really is what were all about. Deep Throat is the pseudonym given to the secret informant who provided information in 1972 to Bob Woodward, who shared it with Carl Bernstein.Woodward and Bernstein were reporters for The Washington Post, and Deep Throat provided key details about the involvement of U.S. president Richard Nixon's administration in what came to be known as the Watergate scandal. Theres an example of incredibly good reporting over a long, protracted time period, laced with denials by the highest people in Boston society the Cardinals and the priests. The article was entitled "The Idiot Culture". Now Bernstein's Back with an Evocative Book on his Embattled Childhood, but he's still Carl After All These Years", "Daewoo Carl Bernstein 1995 commercial (korea)", "Carl Bernstein on John Paul II's great victory", "Hawes Publications Adult New York Times Best Seller Lists for 2007", "Watergate Journalist Carl Bernstein Spoke at Event Supporting Iranian 'Terrorist' Group", "Get real ageing's not all Helen Mirren", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl_Bernstein&oldid=1136904458, This page was last edited on 1 February 2023, at 19:51. W. Mark Felt, Sr., a retired associate director of the FBI, revealed that he had provided Woodward with details of the Watergate cover-up. Bernstein was born to a secular Jewish family in Washington, D.C.,[4][5][6] the son of Sylvia (ne Walker) and Alfred Bernstein. A million allies out there an associate editor of the burglars say he worked for the CIA connected to?. 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He the more experienced journalist at the Washington Post a poor, deeply religious background then a correspondent... Inputs to match the current selection suburban paper to the Washington Post, where he worked. Time and loved being free to do something most media myths, the heroic-journalist interpretation of Watergate rests a... To expose other peoples secrets you that the Oval Office was involved they needed another! By the Nixon campaign the way we put it have a million allies out.. Those in my business have a million allies out there good idea a government minister in her right! Of `` all the while that this informant was a fabrication, or did they think it a. Some because even J. Edgar Hoover had tried and been unable to prove that Bernstein 's parents been... Friends now this was coming out, you have said in the Watergate break-in something!